Tracking Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Following Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan - Essay Example Following Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan The accompanying examination will look to draw in the peruser with a general conversation that assists with expounding upon the convenience of these insights, regardless of whether they may be used in further types of investigation, the possible that exists for them to be a lot higher than is being spoken to, and translation of why these commendations fundamentally matter. Through such a degree of conversation and commitment, it is the expectation of this writer that the peruser will have the option to go to an increasingly educated and authoritative degree of comprehension as for non military personnel passings inside Afghanistan and the way through which such agent information is used later on. Right off the bat, and maybe above all, the information that was spoken to didn't begin following the passings brought about by IEDs or self destruction assaults until 2009; completely two years after the examination was started. This was a crucial oversight; in any case, a considerably bigger oversight was concerning the way that the general non military personnel loss of life as for drone strikes was not estimated until 2012 (Zenko, 2014). As anybody even remotely acquainted with the contention in Afghanistan note, the lion’s portion of alliance assaults in the course of recent years in Afghanistan have been predicated upon the foundation of automaton strikes as the essential conveyance system. In such a manner, not having agent insights that started at the time wherein the investigation was locked in doesn't furnish the client with an exact portrayal of the manner by which non military personnel passings have been spoken to inside Afghanistan during the timespan being refer red to.

London Stock Market and Capital Budgeting Essay

London Stock Market and Capital Budgeting - Essay Example Winning in business is described by net benefits. There are two different ways of producing reserves. They are getting and contributing. The best spot to contribute reserves is visiting the London Stock Exchange. The accompanying sections clarifies plainly why putting resources into capital resources is a hazard that can be custom fitted to create benefits and not left to risk (Datta, and Jones 1999, 21). The above calculation shows that deals for the main year is 7,000,000. The immediate materials and variable working costs sum is 2,500,000. The immediate work sum is 2,000,000. The manufacturing plant overhead is shown up at by increasing the immediate work sum by 50%. The sum showed up at is 1,000,000. The yearly devaluation of 675,000 is shown up at by partitioning the venture cost of the gear measure of 3,375,000 by five years. The net benefit result is 825,000.The money inflow is shown up at by including back the yearly deterioration cost to the total compensation in light of the fact that there is no real money surge produced by the devaluation cost. The net money inflow figured for the primary year is 1,500,000. This produces a first year present worth utilizing the net present worth rebate table for fluctuating yearly money inflows is 1,485,000(Dayananda et al. 2002, 5). The above calculation shows that deals for the subsequent year is 7,700,000. ... The net benefit result is 975,000.The money inflow is shown up at by including back the yearly devaluation cost to the overall gain on the grounds that there is no genuine money surge created by the deterioration cost. The net money inflow figured for the subsequent year is 1,650,000. This creates a first year present worth utilizing the net present worth rebate table for shifting yearly money inflows is 1,617,000. The above calculation shows that deals for the third year is 8,400,000. The immediate materials and variable working costs sum is 3,000,000. The immediate work sum is 2,400,000. The production line overhead is shown up at by duplicating the immediate work sum by 50%. The sum showed up at is 1,200,000. The yearly devaluation of 675,000 is shown up at by partitioning the venture cost of the gear measure of 3,375,000 by five years. The net benefit result is 1,125,000.The money inflow is shown up at by including back the yearly deterioration cost to the total compensation in light of the fact that there is no real money outpouring created by the devaluation cost. The net money inflow processed for the subsequent year is 1,800,000. This produces a first year present worth utilizing the net present worth markdown table for shifting yearly money inflows is 1,747,000. The above calculation shows that deals for the fourth year is 6,300,000. The immediate materials and variable working costs sum is 2,250,000. The immediate work sum is 1,800,000. The production line overhead is shown up at by increasing the immediate work sum by 50%. The sum showed up at is 900,000. The yearly devaluation of 675,000 is shown up at by partitioning the venture cost

Discrepancies between DRR and China’s Patent Law Essay Example Essay Example

Errors among DRR and China’s Patent Law Essay Example Paper

Essay Topics - How to Choose the Right Topic For Your Essay

Essay Topics - How to Choose the Right Topic For Your EssayIf you are preparing for your next lecture or essay in school, then you need to look out for the right book or essay topic. So, if you are worried about coming up with the right subject, then you need to first learn more about essay topics. Knowing more about them will help you prepare and enable you to excel in the performance of your next essay.Before I reveal the tips on the topic of your essay, I would like to tell you a little bit about essay topics. Essay topics are offered by professors' advisors. They will help you with essays that are based on the latest trends in college and university.These topics are usually based on what students want to know. It is based on the statistics and events that have occurred in their life. However, the topics are not based on one or two things, they are based on a number of things. In other words, they are based on the current opinions of students.For example, a topic on 'theme' is bas ed on the current theme of the students. The topic for a question 'What is the theme of my school?' can be very different from the topic of a question about 'theme' in your school.Sometimes the professors will ask your question based on the theme of the college student. Other times, a professor might ask your question based on the themes of his or her students.Now let us move on to the tips on essay topics. First, if you do not want to change your topic again for a month, then you can look for a topic that is similar to your subject or college or university. Let me explain the difference between writing an essay on one topic and writing an essay on several topics. First, an essay that has many topics is less creative because you do not have enough time to write one topic.Second, there are some essay topics that focus on a particular subject. If you want to write an essay on the topic of education, for example, you will want to write an essay on teaching or learning. So, the tips on the topic of your essay are really helpful if you have several topics.

Constitutional Interpretation Essay - 1012 Words

Constitutional Interpretation In this essay I will try to explain and critique the two dominant methods of constitutional interpretation. Which are originalism and non-originalism. I will do this by taking help from â€Å"How to Read the Constitution† by Christopher Wolfe, and different source’s from Internet. I will start by giving what Wolfe says originalism is, and then I will give some background to other ways to interpret the constitution, and the founders and interpretation and I will finish up with my view on originalism and non-originalism and the critics to that. Wolfe on Originalism Wolfe says that originalism is a two-fold doctrine. First, it holds that the constitution is generally intelligible and with effort its†¦show more content†¦Certain historical considerations are essential. The words are to be understood by those for whom they were written, and therefore we must know what those understandings where. Christopher Wolfe believes that the framers would tend to give preferences in such cases to the fair reading of the document itself. To summarize, the approach to constitutional interpretation employed in the early years of American government: an interpreter is to begin with the words of the document in their ordinary popular usage and understand the in light of their context. That context includes the words of the provision of which it is a part, but also extends to the much broader context of the document as a whole. The deeper assumption underlying these early rules of interpretation was a fairly traditional realist epistemology: that the constitution has a fixed, determinate meaning intelligible to those who give it a fair reading. Under modern assumption, a constitution is unavoidably made up or created by interpreters, to a greater of lesser extent, as they go along. The framers of the constitution, on the contrary, looked at the constitution as an intelligible fixed standard that made possible a republican rule of law, rather than of men. Literalism - Historical Historical literalists believe that theShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Constitutional Interpretation1730 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate on Constitutional interpretation is far from a new one. For years, the argument over how the Constitution should be read has varied, from the strict textualist approach to the most lenient, the instrumentalist position. The Constitution has long been referred to in terms of being a living or dead document, and its interpretation has significant ramifications on this country’s legal climate. This paper will analyze and compare two different forms of Constitutional interpretation: originalismRead MoreThe View Of Constitutional Interpretation900 Words   |  4 PagesWhile I find the Originalist view of constitutional interpretation to be compelling and considered very carefully, I do not think it is enough to say that the Obergefell decision was incorrect because of the lack of democratic opportunity this issue was given prior to this case. I also think that Gallagher, Girgis, George, and Anderson all have valid points to why marriage should be between a man and a women with that it is better for children and it is not natural, there are issues to their argumentRead MoreThe Constitutional Interpretation Of The Constitution Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesTraditional Originalism led the court as the method of constitutional interpretation until the late nineteenth century. Judges were compelled to interpret the Constitution based on the original meaning of the provisions. The Originalism view interprets the constitution line by line exactly as the founders would have found it. Later, during the early twentieth century, progressives in the legal community proclaimed that due to the changing social environment as time goes on in the nation, the politicalRead MoreThe Debate Over The Method Of Constitutional Interpretation1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate over the method of constitutional interpretation has passionate and conv incing rhetoric from both sides of the aisle. On one side, contenders of a loose interpretation argue that our understanding of the Constitution adapt with our society today and new developments that have been formed since it was first written. Conversely, strict constructionists argue that the interpretation of the Constitution must be based off of what is plainly written in the Constitution- nothing more and nothingRead MoreConstitutional Interpretation of Checks and Balances Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesConstitutional Interpretation of Checks and Balances The problem of interpreting the Constitution and framer’s intent is a constantly permeating and troublesome question in the minds of Supreme Court Justices, judges, prominent politicians, and policy makers alike. It is a problem that has been pondered for years and years in the courtrooms and on paper with no real conclusion. One such essay arguing this dilemma is â€Å"How Not to Read the Constitution† by Laurence H. Tribe and Michael C. DorfRead MoreConstitutional Law Australia - Interpretations Essay4007 Words   |  17 PagesConstitutional Interpretation: Engineers’ Case and criticisms of Callinan J in the Workchoices’ Case. By Mark Walker Introduction In the dissenting judgment made by Callinan J in the landmark New South Wales v Commonwealth (â€Å"Workchoices’ Case†), a strong criticism was mounted against constitutional interpretation methods employed in the judicial forum. Explicitly, this conjecture was focused at Isaacs J’s judgement in Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (â€Å"Engineers’Read MoreThe Constitution And The United Kingdom1678 Words   |  7 Pagesargument that many of the Acts that are currently on the statute book are constitutional laws, this can be noted in the case Thoburn v City Sunderland (2002) , where Laws LJ makes a distinctions between what he termed as ‘ordinary statutes’ and ‘constitutional statutes’. Similarly decisions of courts can also become a source of legislation, as can the legislative supremacy of parliament, A.V. Dicey, the British jurist and Constitutional theorist, described this as â€Å"the power of law- making unrestricted byRead MoreDiscuss and Analyse the Arguments for and Against Adopting a Codified Constitution in the Uk.1662 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced it would significantly affect the power of government, the relationship between the executive and Parliament and the relationship between judges and politicians. One argument is that a codified constitution would make rules clearer. Key constitutional rules are collected together in a single document; they are more clearly defined than in an ‘unwritten’ constitution where rules are spread across many different documents. There is a lot of uncertainty in an uncodified constitution particularlyRead MoreA New Approach to Statutory Interpretation1687 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 01 Introduction The enactment of both the interim and final Constitution ushered in a new approach to statutory interpretation. In this essay I argue that the statement made by the court in Daniels v Campbell 2003 (9) BLCR 969 (C) is true. The interpretative approach adopted by South African courts pre-1994 Statutory interpretation pre-1994 lacked a single theoretical starting point. There was no single methodology that was applied to interpret legislation. Consequently the process ofRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Monarchy Affect New Zealand s Constitutional Structure1750 Words   |  7 PagesWord Count: 2036 words How would the abolition of the Monarchy affect New Zealand’s constitutional structure? Abolishing the Monarchy in New Zealand would inherently call into question the issue of constitutional reform. New Zealand would need to consider having a written constitution. In this essay the focus will be on ‘Independence and a Written Constitution’ in relation to steps that may need to occur for New Zealand to become a Republic. I will reflect on the use of the word ‘may’ briefly as

My Country Assessment Of Syria - 1461 Words

My country assessment of Syria contains much of the recent history, but I believe to truly understand what is happening today, we must understand how historically Syrian politics, geopolitical regional experiences and culture has come into play in the world understanding of a proud, but fractured Country. In this assessment I will tackle modern history, political and insurgent threats to the region and to the United States foreign missions as well as short and long term analysis on the direction of the country and U.S. policies going forward. Syria is one of the oldest civilizations in history, with art, written language, and religious activities dating back to the time of Mesopotamia. It has been the dagger’s edge in the Levant, splitting between western culture, and eastern religious ideology for the last two millennia. Significant religious acts in religious lore such as Paul the apostle converting to Christianity on the road to Damascus (Acts 9:1–43) also transpired in Syria. The country has been conquered numerous times; the mix of art, religions, governments and culture have changed and left scars on the country. In this manner Syria is as diverse of a place as many European cities at their’ cultural height. Modern Syria presents many challenges. President Basher Al Assad has ruled since 2000, and ruled with an iron fist. He has consistently put down uprisings along the northern border with Turkey and western border with Lebanon. Separatist movementsShow MoreRelatedThe Greatest Threat Of Terrorist Hot Spots On The World Today947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world today—the global presence of Al Qaida, Iraq, North Korea, and Iran (with considerable thought given to Syria, the Caucuses, and lone wolves)—which do you believe represents the greatest threat to the United States? Of the four major terrorist hot spots in the world today —the global presence of Al Qaida, Iraq, North Korea, and Iran (with considerable thought given to Syria, the Caucuses, and lone wolves)—which do you believe represents the greatest threat to the United States? All,Read MoreThe Air Defense Missile System1661 Words   |  7 PagesYou know who is a pain in the neck? Terrorists, they are hard to get rid of. Currently in Syria is the terrorist group named Isis. A nasty group of individuals that are about to have what is coming to them. As an American soldier when I hear any news about these coward killing innocent people, it turns my stomach worse than spoiled milk, there will be rest for the wicked this time because we will put them to rest! And a big help is from Air Defense. Isis doesn’t stand a chance with Russia and AmericaRead MoreCurrent Leadership Issues And Assessment1416 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent Leadership Issues and Assessment It was all over the news when the terrorist attacks happened in Paris. It was devastating to the families and people who live them found it difficult to cope. Many families migrated to the US to settle down with their remaining families that survive the tragedy. It was devastating all around the world and issues still remains unresolved till this day. After the tragedy, the US governors in each state were prepared and some were not prepared to accept refugeesRead MoreA Country Risk Assessments, Mitigation Strategies And Analysis For Myanmar, Mexico And Turkey Countries1741 Words   |  7 Pages___________________________________________________________ NOTE: Complete country risk assessments, mitigation strategies and analysis for Myanmar, Mexico and Turkey Countries are based considering Acme Overseas Contractors. 1. POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND POLITICAL RISKS IN EACH COUNTRY: (a.) Myanmar (Burma): Political Structure: Myanmar has been ruled by the military Junta from mid 20th century to early 21st century for almost 50 years and had the complete power and grip over country and political situation. The 2010 legislativeRead MoreExamples Of Position Of Officer967 Words   |  4 PagesI am pleased to submit my application for the position of Officer. It is exciting to consider a position with the global leader in consulting and technology services. In this letter, I provide some background about my education and credentials relevant to this position. I believe I have the required qualifications for this position. I earned my MD from Kabul Medical University specializing in Family Medicine. I then earned an Executive MBA in Health Management and Administration from Preston UniversityRead MoreThe Role Of New Media In The Tunisian And Egyptian Protests710 Words   |  3 PagesIn 2011, a number of North African regimes collapsed after huge extended protests that succeeded peacefully albeit temporarily in Tunisia and Egypt, while they failed in other countries where the so-called â€Å"revolutions† became regional or even international conflicts, such as Libya and Syria. However, what is prevalent among these popular movements of change is that they were linked by some observers to social media that were attributed not only an important role in those dramatic events, but a keyRead MoreIs It Important For Knowledge?1309 Words   |  6 Pagesit essentially losing value? An example of this scenario leads to the current real life situation of the 2016 American presidential election. Donald Trump is a republican candidate that has publicly condemned the idea of letting Muslims enter the country of the United States. He defends this position as a temporary policy for the â€Å"safety† of the American population. He supported the idea of surveillance of Muslim-Americans and warrantless searches of mosques (Obeidallah). Even more shockingly, TrumpRead MoreThe Clash Of Civilizations By Samuel Huntington1804 Words   |  8 Pagesclock forward 23 years to the present in the year 2016. The first indications after reading his essay was that the author would seem to be semi-clairvoyant and provided a fairly accurate assessment from an analytical perspective. He was, in my estimation, about 75 percent correct in his predictions and assessments, and his overall thesis can be supported through a careful documentation of available facts, both then in 1993, and today. Huntington gives an exposition of three phases of conflict startingRead MoreSun Tzu On Nature And Character Of 21st Century Warfare2528 Words   |  11 PagesSun Tzu on the Nature and Character of 21st Century Warfare Sun Tzu understood the nature of war as â€Å"the province of life or death,† and a â€Å"matter of vital importance to the state.†1 I agree. In my own experience, war awakens your primordial instincts and strips you of your self-rationalizations. Sun Tzu defined the character of war when he wrote, â€Å"water has no constant form, there are in war no constant conditions.†2 Accordingly, Sun Tzu’s principals of war offer a framework adequate to explainRead MoreOne Of The Most Pivotal Moments In The Mongol Conquest1561 Words   |  7 PagesI submit that there was some semblance of a Mongol-Ismà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ®là ® alliance clearly present between the two parties, yet the likelihood that the Mongols always trusted the Assassins, in my opinion, is hard to believe and should be taken into account. However, before starting the argument in favor of this thesis, an assessment of who the Ismà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ®là ®s were is vital to this essay. As stated in the introduction, the Ismà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ®là ®s constituted a major sect of Shia Islam. Most Shias, as stated by Farhad Daftary, were

Graffiti in the Temples of Ancient Egypt free essay sample

All my life It seems that no matter where I go, I always find writings or drawings that have been scratched, scribbled, and sprayed onto a wall or other surface In a public place. I have been to many places around the world and I have seen this same idea of scribbled or sprayed drawings and writings everywhere Vive been to. Its almost as if its a worldwide activity for people to go out into a public place and start writing or drawing with various tools on any makeshift canvas they can find.The word that we SE to Identify this so-called art Is graffiti and I believe that graffiti Is somewhat of an epidemic. Graffiti has been around since the times of ancient Egypt and It doesnt look like its going to disappear anytime soon. Graffiti can be used in many different ways depending on which country youre in. Since graffiti has been around since the times of ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire, it has spread all over the world and has been used for many different purposes.In our modern times, spray paint and marker pens have become he most popular graffiti materials to use. Unfortunately the culture of graffiti revolves around marking or painting property without the owners consent, and in many countries this is considered vandalism which is a punishable crime. Im all for having fun, using creativity and expressing yourself through art or graffiti, but why do you need to vandalize various public/private property in the process.This leads me to believe that not everyone makes graffiti to create art and show their creativity, but writing whatever they want. When you see graffiti in a neighborhood it may express social and political messages and spray painted graffiti styles that have been based on a whole genre of artistic expression. Graffiti has evolved alongside hip hop music, b-boning, and other elements within the hip hop culture. Another form of graffiti is when gangs use their own form of graffiti to mark their territory or to serve as a warning of gang-related activities within the area.Graffiti continues to create many controversies and disagreements among law enforcement, city officials, and writers who want to display and appreciate the work that graffiti artists create in public actions. Graffiti can be something positive, but it seems that the negatives of graffiti far outweigh the positives. Not only do communities suffer from graffiti but local businesses and the tax payers will suffer too. At the June 2008 Angora Network Conference of experts from the U.S. And around the world, the annual costs of graffiti was now estimated to be $25 billion in the US. (Superior Graffiti Removal) Also consider that this cost does not reflect the costs from private property or business owners and it does not take into account the joss of business or decreased property value in graffiti ridden areas across the country. Some effects of graffiti and vandalism in a community are feeling unsafe, at risk youth, and lower community pride.If you knew that there are people living in your neighborhood that are willing to break the law and vandalize public property, would you feel safe? It also doesnt help that films and media use graffiti to symbolize the message of urban decay and crime. Lets explore some more of the major negative impacts that graffiti will have on your neighborhood. Graffiti will intimidate the local residents and they will assume that the vandalism in their neighborhood is a result from gangs.Graffiti gives the feeling that an area is suffering economically and has lower class population. This may result in potential customers becoming scared away because the business owner can be seen as not caring about the businesses image and the owner may not care about having good customer service, or the quality of his own goods. Graffiti also discourages tourism because a tourist will usually want to see the beauty of the place hey are visiting, not somewhere that has graffiti scribbled on almost everything they see.Another issue is that street gangs use graffiti as a direct means of communicating with their rivals, and the longer their graffiti stays up, the longer the message is delivered. Whenever I see graffiti in an area my brain automatically makes me think negatively of the area and that its a dangerous, poorer area. The problem is that the majority of graffiti that exists in North America is related to gangs, or the graffiti is a person advertising themselves. Typically the individuals that advertise themselves are cooking to gain street creed, or become more known in a negative way within their neighborhoods.Lots of people also use graffiti as a form of advertisement for their own negative opinions or beliefs. Another important point is that a large majority of graffiti is done by amateurs that are basically destroying public property with their Generalize public property, they are the ones that attract the spotlight and create the negative viewpoint on graffiti. On the other end of the spectrum theres professional graffiti artists that create art legally within the public, and they also create murals ND do other good deeds for their communities.It all really depends on how you define graffiti because theres basically two sides to graffiti. In conclusion I believe that graffiti in general resu lts in far more negative outcomes than positive ones. In a perfect world graffiti should be taken down much faster and regulated more. However not all graffiti is bad, and some of it can actually be considered as art and used to brighten up a public place, such as murals for example. I wish the fines for vandalism would increase and graffiti should be taken such more seriously.

Negative response letter free essay sample

Our company has become aware of several unusual returns you have made at Coach. Specifically, in our Florida stores, you have returned items without a receipt to indicate the original purchase information. Coach prides itself in the craftsmanship that takes place in the manufacturing of our products as well as the level of service that our customers receive In our stores.It appears from these returns that Coach goes not appear to be satisfying your shopping needs. We would like to know what the problem was so that we may resolve It. The Coach store will not process any returns for you without a receipt to Indicate Orlando purchase Information. If you have any questions, you can call loss prevention at 1800-555-555 to discuss the matter. Thank you in advance for your understanding. We look forward to speaking with you, so that we may satisfy your shopping needs at Coach. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative response letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sincerely, Loss Prevention Manager Specifically, In our Florida stores, you have returned Items without a receipt to Indicate the Orlando purchase Information. Coach prides Itself In the craftsmanship the problem was so that we may resolve it. The Coach store will not process any returns for you without a receipt to indicate original purchase information. If you that our customers receive in our stores.

Quebec essays

Quebec essays Quebec is the largest and oldest province in Canada. Having been found in 1763. The French colonized there in the early 1600s and most of the population today is still French in both language and origin. Quebecs total area is 594,705 square miles. That equals to 15.4% of Canadas total land mass. Quebec is split off into three physiographic regions, the Laurentian Plateau in the north; the Appalachian Highlands in the southeast; and the St.Lawrence Lowlands in the south. On the borders of Quebec is the United States, Ontario, Newfoundland, and New Brunswick. The Laurentian Plateau covers nine tenths of the province. It is a huge plateau slightly inclined towards James and Hudson Bays. Mont DIberville is the highest peak in both Quebec and Labrador, at 5,420 feet. Peaks northwest of Montreal, in Mont Tremblent Park reach 3,900 feet. The plateau has great amounts of minerals, forests, and water resources. The Appalachian Highlands consist of a series of ridges parallel to the south shor e of the St.Lawrence River. Souther Quebecs highest peak, Mont Jacques Cartier rises in the SchickShock Mountains of the Gaspe, at 4,095. The Appalachian Highlands are fertile. There are many rivers in the province of Quebec. Starting from the Great Manicougan River to the Caniapiseau River. In Northern Quebec, water resources are very plentiful, with its thousands of ponds and lakes. The St.Lawrence River is a major passage to the seas for big tankers that runs right through Quebec city. Quebec has big mining businesses. From iron ore to asbestos. They use the St.Lawrence to ship out these materials. Quebec also has big hydro-electrical power plants. They use the rivers, such as the Manicougan to produce electricity for Canada and parts of the United States. On the Manicougan River, there are five or six different hydro-electric dams, with manic five being the biggest self-held dam in the world. ...

Establishing a trust or will Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Establishing a trust or will - Coursework Example A land trust enables an owner to transfer their real-estate property to a trust, but maintain their ownership while a family trust would ensure the owner separates his personal property from the real property and ease transfer to the next generation (Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2003). However, the owner faces a dilemma in securing appropriate and requisite contracts in both trusts to ensure ownership when alive and safe transfer to her next generation when she dies. A severalty ownership of both trusts ensures she remains the sole owner of her property in order to eliminate any problems and challenges the property may encounter (Evans & Evans, 2007). A bailment will ensure the transfer of ownership to another party (trustee), but retain ownership because trusts are revocable. Since property consists of land, both tangible and intangible property, bailment is appropriate for intangible property not limited to, title deeds, meeting rules, bank documents, written orders and endorsements (Evans & Evans, 2007). It is necessary to give a gift for transfer of property to the next generation. However, an inter vivos gift ensures transfer of property when both parties are alive while a gift in causa mortis ensure transfer of property to beneficiaries in case of her demise (Evans & Evans,

Homebase Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Homebase - Coursework Example The balanced scorecard tool is explained before designing the scorecard for the case company. Also the use of the balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation and monitoring of the modern businesses are discussed. Both the balanced scorecard outcomes and the designed strategy map are explained and analyzed to provide suitable recommendations to the Board of Directors of Homebase for deciding on the future strategic direction of the company. The recommendations are given with the aim of supporting the management of Homebase to take suitable corporate and business decisions and devise the appropriate strategies for the achievement of the business goals and objectives and for implementing the formulated strategies in the most efficient and value adding manner. Homebase  is a home improvement retail company based in the United Kingdom. The company operates in the segment of home improvement and garden centre and is a subsidiary of the famous Home Retail Group. Homebase operates with 323 outlets across different locations in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. The company is a highly successful retailer in the United Kingdom which has recorded a profit of GBP 18.9 million in the financial year 2013-2014. Also, the revenues for the company were recorded to have a value of GBP 1.46 billion in the financial year of 2013-2014 as per the annual report published by the company. The vision of the company is to provide the customer groups in the country with a wide range of home improvement products and services within a differentiated environment. The company aims to provide both convenience and value for its customers through its operations (Crawford, 2008). Homebase uses a number of strategies in its operational, financial, human resource management and other business functions for the purpose of developing consistency in its service provision and for creating competiveness and success in the dynamic business environment in which it functions. The

Human Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Human Growth and Development Essay Human development is marked by different stages and milestones over the lifespan. It is expressed over three domains: physical, cognitive and socio/emotional. While human physical and cognitive development is universal, socio/emotional definitions and development vary from culture to culture. Gaining a basic knowledge of human lifespan development will lead to a better understanding of the appearance, perceptions and behaviors of the self and others. Adolescence is a demanding and critical period in life. Failure to meet certain developmental milestones can have serious short- and long-term implications for the individual and society at large. Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development generally occurring during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority). The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, although its physical, psychological and cultural expressions can begin earlier and end later. For example, although puberty has been historically associated with the onset of adolescent development, it now typically begins prior to the teenage years and there have been a normative shift of it occurring in preadolescence, particularly in females. Physical growth, as distinct from puberty (particularly in males), and cognitive development generally seen in adolescence, can also extend into the early twenties. Thus chronological age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence. A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, most importantly from the areas of psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. Stages of Human Development The various stages of human development include the prenatal period, infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. Each stage is marked by milestones in physical, cognitive, and socio/emotional development. 1. Physical Development Physical development has to do with the way that the human body develops over a lifespan. The most rapid and complex human development occurs during the prenatal period. From infancy to early childhood, the physical milestones include developing motor skills like learning to control body movements, walk, talk, speak, use tools like spoons and forks and use the rest room. From infancy to early childhood, humans grow in height, weight and mass and get their first set of teeth. Middle childhood has only a few physical milestones, such as continued growth at a much slower rate and the gain of permanent teeth. Adolescence is the second most rapid and complex time of human development and is when the sexual maturation process begins. Females begin to grow breasts, their hips expand and they grow pubic hair and begin menstruation, which marks their physical ability to procreate. They may grow a few inches more in height. Males have significant growth spurts and develop facial and pubic hair, their voices deepen and they begin to have sperm-producing ejaculations, signifying their ability to procreate. Young adulthood is when humans are at the prime of their physical development. All of the systems are functioning optimally, making this the best time for reproduction. Middle adulthood brings the beginning of physical deterioration, such as the end of fertility in women, or menopause. The decrease in physical abilities and health for both sexes continues through late adulthood . 2. Cognitive Development Cognitive development has to do with the way humans perceive and experience the world and deals with issues like memory, thinking and decision-making processes and concept comprehension. During the prenatal period, cognitive development is highly enveloped in physical development as the primary tool for cognition; the brain is still being developed. During infancy and early childhood, milestones like speaking, comprehension and object differentiation occur. Thoughts about the world are simplistic, and judgments are made in an either/or framework. Middle childhood brings the beginning of concrete and logical thinking, and adolescence brings about a phase where cognitive judgments are often overridden by feelings and impulses because of the bodys rapidly changing physical and biological climate. Young adulthood is the human cognitive prime, as the capacity for rapid and accurate memory, thought processing and information analysis function at peak levels. Perceptions of the world, judgment and morality become more sophisticated and complex. During middle adulthood, humans are experts at problem solving, although they begin to experience some signs of decline with speed in processing and recall. Late adulthood signifies the continued deterioration of cognitive abilities. Theoretical perspectives There are two perspectives on adolescent thinking. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The second is the information-processing perspective, which derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the thinking process. Improvements in cognitive ability By the time individuals have reached age 15 or so, their basic thinking abilities are comparable to those of adults. These improvements occur in five areas during adolescence: 1. Attention. Improvements are seen in selective attention, the process by which one focuses on one stimulus while tuning out another. Divided attention, the ability to pay attention to two or more stimuli at the same time, also improves. 2. Memory. Improvements are seen in both working memory and long-term memory. 3. Processing speed. Adolescents think more quickly than children. Processing speed improves sharply between age five and middle adolescence; it then begins to level off at age 15 and does not appear to change between late adolescence and adulthood. 4. Organization. Adolescents are more aware of their own thought processes and can use mnemonic devices and other strategies to think more efficiently. 5. Meta-cognition It often involves monitoring one’s own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents’ improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective studying. 3. Socio/Emotional Development Socio/emotional development has to do with how an individual is able to handle emotions, relationships, social situations, and the various roles demanded of them by society. Some aspect of Socio/Emotional standards, such as social expectations, relationships, and roles vary from culture to culture. During infancy and early childhood, the primary relationships are with the parents and based on attachment. Environmental exploration, impulsivity, differentiation of self (from others) and the basics of social interaction are learnt. In early childhood, impulsivity begins to give way to control, and awareness of consequences significantly affects behavioral choices. Middle childhood begins the transition from family orientation to peer orientation, which carries on into adolescence. Issues of identify, sexuality and sexual expression, conflict and resolution and internal stability prevail. By young adulthood, the focus shifts from peers to career, social role, building external stability, finding a mate and starting a family. Middle adulthood is met with the psychological and emotional challenges of facing the mid-life crisis, and a life analysis and inventory is taken. Late adulthood marks the transition from the mid-life crisis. Life reflection, acceptance of death, and legacy building or making social contributions also occur at this phase. I. Identity development Among the most common beliefs about adolescence is that it is the time when teenagers form their personal identities. Egocentrism is being performed by adolescents who then form self-consciousness of wanting to feel important in their peer groups and having social acceptance of fitting into the group. Empirical studies suggest that this process might be more accurately described as identity development, rather than formation, but confirms a normative process of change in both content and structure of ones thoughts about the self. Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem. The years of adolescence create a more conscientious group of young adults. Adolescents pay close attention and give more time and effort to their appearance as their body goes through changes. Unlike children, teens put forth an effort to look presentable (1991). The environment in which an adolescent grows up also plays an important role in their identity development. II. Self Concept Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once. As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self-descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves with physical traits whereas as adolescents, they define themselves based on their values, thoughts and opinions. III. Sense of identity Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent sense of self stable across circumstances and including past experiences and future goals. Everyone has a self-concept, whereas Erik Erikson argued that not everyone fully achieves identity. Erikson’s theory of stages of development includes the identity crisis in which adolescents must explore different possibilities and integrate different parts of themselves before committing to their beliefs. He described the resolution of this process as a stage of identity achievement but also stressed that the identity challenge is never fully resolved once and for all at one point in time. Adolescents begin by defining themselves based on their crowd membership. Clothes help teens explore new identities, separate from parents, and bond with peers. Fashion has played a major role when it comes to teenagers finding their selves; Fashion is always evolving, which corresponds with the evolution of change in the personality of teenagers. IV. Environment and identity An adolescents environment plays a huge role in their identity development. While most adolescent studies are conducted on white, middle class children, studies have shown that the more privileged upbringing one has the more successful they will be in the development of their identity. The forming of an adolescents identity is a crucial time in their life. It has been recently found that demographic patterns suggest that the transition to adulthood is now occurring over a longer span of years than was the case during the middle of the 20th century. Accordingly, youth, a period that spans late adolescence and early adulthood, has become a more prominent stage of the life course. This therefore has caused various factors to become important during this development. So many factors contribute to the developing social identity of an adolescent from commitment, to coping devices, to social media. All of these factors are affected by the environment an adolescent grows up in. A child from a more privileged upbringing will be exposed to more opportunities as well as better situations in general. An adolescent from an inner city or a crime driven neighborhood is more likely to be exposed to an environment that can be detrimental to their development. Adolescence is a very sensitive period in the development process of ones life and exposure to the wrong things at that time can have a major affect on decisions someone will make. While children that grow up in nice suburban communities are not exposed to bad environments they are more likely to participate in activities that can benefit their identity and contribute to a more successful identity development. V. Sexual orientation and identity Sexual orientation has been defined as an erotic inclination toward people of one or more genders, most often described as sexual or erotic attractions. In recent years, psychologists have sought to understand how sexual orientation develops during adolescence. Some theorists believe that there are many different possible developmental paths one could take, and that the specific path an individual follows may be determined by their sex, orientation, and when they reached the onset of puberty. VI. Self-esteem The final major aspect of identity formation is self-esteem, ones thoughts and feelings about one’s self-concept and identity. Contrary to popular belief, there is no empirical evidence for a significant drop in self-esteem over the course of adolescence. Barometric self-esteem fluctuates rapidly and can cause severe distress and anxiety, but baseline self-esteem remains highly stable across adolescence. Girls are most likely to enjoy high self-esteem when engaged in supportive relationships with friends; the most important function of friendship to them is having someone who can provide social and moral support. When they fail to win friends approval or couldnt find someone with whom to share common activities and common interests, in these cases, girls will suffer from low self-esteem. In contrast, boys are more concerned with establishing and asserting their independence and defining their relation to authority. As such, they are more likely to derive high self-esteem from their ability to successfully influence their friends; on the other hand, the lack of romantic competence, for example, failure to win or maintain the affection of the opposite or same-sex (depending on sexual orientation), is the major contributor to low self-esteem in adolescent boys. ECONOMIC CRISES CAN HAVE SERIOUS IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Financial crises, at both the global and the national level, are ubiquitous. This raises concern about the human impacts of crises, especially among more vulnerable populations in developing countries. This is particularly true during childhood and youth, when the brain is developing rapidly, and when socio-emotional and behavioral developments are at their peak. Given the cumulative nature of human development, shortfalls or setbacks at any stage of the life course—from the antenatal environment through adolescence—are often difficult to reverse later in life and may have severe consequences for individual development as well as for the growth and development of successful communities. Thus, it is essential to protect and promote human development in the face of adversity. Three interrelated concepts provide the foundation for understanding the potential impacts of shocks on children and youth. a) Timing: Human development is characterized by critical periods of life during which certain investments must be made to facilitate the achievement of specific milestones in development, or stage salient developmental tasks. These age-related expectations for the mastery of particular tasks provide benchmarks for the abilities that an individual should ideally master by different ages, and that are correlated with successful development and transition to subsequent stages in life. Economic crises can disrupt a young person’s â€Å"normal† development by preventing or delaying the mastery of these developmental tasks at specific stages, which—if uncorrected—can have potential long term consequences. b) Context: Development in childhood and youth is influenced by diverse contexts or settings (family, peers, schools, communities, socio-cultural belief systems, policy regimes, and the economy). The relative importance of these settings changes during the life course. Interactions among these settings determine both the transmission of shocks such as a financial crisis to the young person’s immediate environment and the impact of the shock on her development. As development is partly a function of a person’s repeated interactions with her immediate environment (the proximal processes of human development), shocks can disrupt the contexts in which these processes occur, and hinder a young person’s ability to develop successfully. c) Transmission mechanisms: There are numerous pathways through which a crisis can affect the well-being and development of a young person. Crises may be experienced directly at the individual level (through e.g. a change in aspirations and identity), or indirectly through the family, school, or other settings (through e.g. increased parental stress, parental job loss, a reduction in publicly-provided services). The developing person will experience crises through the loss in income, but also through other channels, such as psychological distress. The relevance of each particular transmission mechanism varies depending on the life stage of the person as well as on the context. Different settings may provide protective factors that prevent, mitigate or attenuate negative impacts; these factors can be a source of resilience, facilitating positive adaptive behavior on the part of the developing person. Effects of economic crises on adolescents Adolescence is a crucial stage in a person’s development. Adolescence is marked by profound physical, emotional, and social transitions; the brain undergoes significant neurological development, and cognitive and socio-emotional abilities take shape. While social expectations of the precise timing of certain transitions vary across countries and cultures, all adolescents are eventually expected to make the transition to adulthood, including entering work, becoming financially independent, and starting a family. Adapting to these new roles and successfully managing this transition requires the mastery of three interrelated stage-salient tasks: 3 a. Autonomy and relatedness: As young people mature, they renegotiate their relationships with parents, peers, teachers, and other adults. Settings outside the family, such as the workplace, become increasingly important. Young people must achieve greater personal and financial independence while maintaining positive relationships with parents and other adults. b. Identity: The process of growing more autonomous and defining one’s role in society requires that adolescents establish personal and vocational preferences and aspirations. c. Goal setting and achievement: The ability to define goals and plan and act strategically provides the foundation for subsequent growth and development. ECONOMIC CRISES CAN IMPAIR HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Crises affect the opportunities and support structures available to adolescents to develop the cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioral competencies needed to master the stage-salient tasks. In particular, crises can lead to: i) Limited and unpredictable employment opportunities: Youth employment tends to be more vulnerable to economic crises than adult employment. Young people are often engaged in temporary and unprotected work—such as seasonal, temporary, and part-time jobs—or in sectors particularly vulnerable to economic fluctuations, such as construction. By constraining employment opportunities, as well as the availability of other entry points into the labor market, such as internships and apprenticeships, economic shocks affect the process of acquiring necessary skills, work experience, and achieving financial autonomy. Worsening labor market conditions can also affect adolescents’ expectations, vocational identity, and personal goals, as the context and perceived likelihood of achieving them may change dramatically. ii) Loss of parental employment and income, and deterioration of family dynamics: The threat or realization of losing income or assets can lead to anxiety among parents, which is then transmitted to adolescents throug h parents’ emotions and behaviors. For example, the quality of parenting can be negatively affected, impairing the development of adolescents’ autonomy and ability to form relationships. Impaired family dynamics are linked to mental health problems and heightened incidence of risky behaviors. Research also shows that adolescents who perceive economic stress within their families have lower self-expectations for the future. iii) Changes in the availability of adult role models outside the family: Crises may not only affect intra family dynamics, but also the availability of and interactions with positive role models in the school or community. Lower public expenditure can adversely affect the quality as well as quantity of schooling, while supervised extracurricular activities and out-of-school programs are often discontinued. These reduce the availability of positive adult mentoring relationships, restricting the support and guidance available to adolescents in mastering their developmental tasks. In addition to these disruptions in their immediate environment, adolescents are more aware than younger children of the impact of shocks on socioeconomic status, and they may perceive economic pressures and stigma more directly. This can lead to additional difficulties with psychosocial adjustment, and influence their self-esteem, identity, future orientation, and efficacy beliefs. THE FAILURE TO MASTER CRITICAL TASKS CAN HAVE NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS FOR ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT. Failure to achieve stage-salient developmental tasks can jeopardize other life outcomes. Although there is considerable heterogeneity across individuals, crises can have particularly negative consequences in the following areas: a) Schooling Employment: Contrary to the experience of idiosyncratic shocks, such as parental job loss, there is no compelling evidence that young people leave school during aggregate crises to work and support the household. Young people have fewer job opportunities in a crisis; this decreases the perceived returns to entering the labor market relative to remaining in school. On the other hand, diminished opportunities for employment can severely affect those young people who do try to enter the labor market. Early un- and underemployment is known to have serious long-term effects on future employment and lifetime income, and these young people often fail to catch up when the economy rebounds. b) Mental health: By altering their relationships, identity, and goals for the future, unexpected life events can affect adolescents’ physical and mental health. Difficulty in the labor market may lead to hopelessness and lower self-esteem, especially for young people who are in the process of forming occupational identities. In fact, unemployment experienced at early ages is associated with stress, depression, and illness later in life. Mental health problems during youth can also lead to lower educational achievement, increased substance abuse, violence, and risky sexual behavior. c) Risky behavior: Economic adversity and its effects on the adolescent and her immediate environment may lead to greater risk taking, although this response is by no means universal. Crises can diminish the quality of parenting, which in turn may increase the likelihood for delinquency among youth. Similarly, stress and mental health problems have been associated with risky sexual activity. But while young people who experience severe stress are more prone to substance abuse, an income shock that decreases disposable income can decrease the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. Significance Having some knowledge about human lifespan development is beneficial for many reasons. It increases self-awareness and understanding, which helps with life planning. If a female is aware of the stages of her physical development, for example, she will know that her natural childbearing years are limited. If she wants to have children, she can use family planning to make choices about her education, career and mate to support this goal. Additionally, this knowledge can be helpful for improving relationships and interpersonal communication and resolving conflicts. Conclusion Human development is marked by different stages and milestones over the lifespan. It is expressed over three domains: physical, cognitive and socio/emotional. While human physical and cognitive development is universal, socio/emotional definitions and development vary from culture to culture. Gaining a basic knowledge of human lifespan development will lead to a better understanding of the appearance, perceptions and behaviors of the self and others. Physical development has to do with the way that the human body develops over a lifespan. The most rapid and complex human development occurs during the prenatal period. From infancy to early childhood, the physical milestones include developing motor skills like learning to control body movements, walk, talk, speak, use tools like spoons and forks and use the rest room. From infancy to early childhood, humans grow in height, weight and mass and get their first set of teeth. Cognitive development has to do with the way humans perceive and experience the world and deals with issues like memory, thinking and decision-making processes and concept comprehension. During the prenatal period, cognitive development is highly enveloped in physical development as the primary tool for cognition; the brain is still being developed. Socio/emotional development has to do with how an individual is able to handle emotions, relationships, social situations, and the various roles demanded of them by society. Some aspect of Socio/Emotional standards, such as social expectations, relationships, and roles vary from culture to culture. REFERENCE 1. Human Development, Diane E. Papalia, 9th edition 2. Boyd, D., and Bee, H., (2006). Lifespan Development, Fourth Edition. Boston, MA. Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Chassin, L., A. Hussong, and A. Beltran. 2009. â€Å"Adolescent Substance Use.† In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.; Lundberg, P. et al. 2011. â€Å"Poor Mental Health and Sexual Risk Behaviours in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.† BMC Public Health 11 (125): 1–10 4. Bell, D., and D. Blanchflower. 2010. â€Å"Young People and Recession: A Lost Generation?† Working Paper. Dartmouth College. 5. See for example Duryea, S., and M. Morales. 2011. â€Å"Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Children’s School and Employment Outcomes in El Salvador.† Development 6. Policy Review 29 (5): 527–46.; Scarpetta, S., A. Sonnet, and T. Manfredi. 2010. â€Å"Rising Youth Unemployment during the Crisis: How to Prevent Negative 7. Long-Term Consequences on a Generation.† Social, Employme nt, and Migration Working Paper 106, OECD: Paris. 8. Carlson, N. R., Heth, C. (2010). Psychologythe science of behaviour, fourth Canadian edition [by] Neil R. Carlson, C. Donald Heth. Toronto: Pearson. 9. Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence, 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 10. American Psychological Association (APA). United States Department of Health and Human Services. 11. Carlson, Neil R. (2010). Psychology: the science of behaviour. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education Canada.

Surfing Is Supposed To Be Para :: essays research papers

Surfing is Supposed to be Paradise Every time a new 'untouched paradise'; is discovered, the first thing everyone wants to do is visit it. By their united enthusiasm to find these 'sanctuaries'; people bring the cage of society with them. Very quickly it becomes necessary to erect bars to keep people out. William Tucker 'Is Nature Too Good For Us?'; William Tucker's essay 'Is Nature Too Good For Us'; discusses the complications with the environmental movement to set aside pieces of land as wilderness. One of the main points of Tucker's argument brings up the problem with preserving natural land as wilderness is that these wild paradises often conflict with people's desire to visit these paradises and experience them. Tucker uses the example of Kauai as a paradise that has been ruined by the overuse and overpopulation. Tucker describes how in 1964 the Sierra Club put out an article on the relatively unknown island and by 1979 Time magazine ran an article in which some of the local people expressed their desire to keep outsiders out. The issue of protecting paradise is a hotly debated topic that is currently being fought over by surfers. To a surfer nothing is more rewarding than the search and discovery of perfect uncrowded waves. This notion of the search for uncrowded surf was brought to the attention of the general public with the 1963 release of Bruce Brown's The Endless Summer. The film documented two surfers traveling around the world to exotic locales previously left unexplored by the surfers of Western civilization. The images that Brown brought back to mainstream movie screens forever changed the lives of surfers. This film changed how surfers viewed the world. No longer were surfers confined to their local coastlines, they were inoculated with desire to seek out their own paradise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years many surfers have found their little piece of paradise and never left. Instead these surfers have opted to spend the rest of their lives surfing the waves they initially had intended to just visit and experience. They never left these beaches because the waves were uncrowded and the beaches were breathtakingly beautiful. Compare this to the modern industrial places in the U.S such as Los Angeles or San Francisco and you can see why surfers are constantly searching for paradise. Surfers get tired of surfing in crowded, polluted, and poor wave producing areas, so they travel.

Cohabitation and Marriage

In the past 40 years there has been a dramatic change in the amounts of marriage and cohabitation, for example 60% of first time marriages end in divorce, which means the amount of second marriages have increased because everyone always wants someone to hold onto in life and you can never be too old to find that someone.Firstly, when a male and female are married, there is important factors to consider. Traditionally it was important for the male to be the ‘Breadwinner’ in the family and bring in the income, and for the female to be a housewife and tend to the children’s needs as well as the household, cooking every meal and cleaning the house. It was important for the family to have a function in society.But now tradition has been pushed aside and now women have careers, Sue Sharpe discovered this change in women’s views on life when she first visited a school in 1976 to see that the girls at the school only had visioned of being a housewife in the future, she then returned to the same school in 1994 to observe that all the girls had dreamed of having careers, this shows that women now having more of a role in society could prove a struggle for men not being the leader anymore.Also in a marriage men and women moreover look for not just love, but friendship. If friendship is not found or one partner doesn’t open up to their lover, then a marriage can start to crumble. Plus divorce is also frowned upon by functionalists. Furthermore in the past 40 years there has been an increase in cohabitation (living together but not being married). There can be many reasons for this, from economical and not being able to afford a wedding seen as the average church wedding costs ? 15,000 or not being ready.One of the most popular reasons is that couples want to in a sense ‘try out’ living with somebody before they spend massive amounts of money and vow to spend the rest of their lives with someone who they might not even like, th is gives them a chance to back out of proceedings and find their soul mate. Moreover another reason that cohabitation is increasing is because of stability. Cohabitation is very rare cases lasts longer than ten years, therefore first marriages are more stable and cohabitation is generally safer for younger couples as they don’t have to rush into the rest of their lives.Feminist’s note that women’s expectations of marriage have radically changed, compared with previous generations. In the 1990s, most divorce petitions were put forward by women. This may support Thornes and Collard’s (1979) view that women expect far more from marriage than men and, in particular, that they value friendship and emotional gratification more than then do. If husbands fail to love up to these expectations, women may feel the need to look elsewhere.This would also support the fact that, on average, the number of divorce proceedings started by women is about 70%. In the past 40 years also, the standard of living has increased greatly, which means people are living longer, this includes; Scientific and medical advances, the welfare state, safer and healthier working conditions, higher accommodation standards, improved education and health awareness, better food and food technology e. g. microwaves and toasters, better hygiene and sanitation and improved medical care.All these factors are huge reasons why people have started living longer, and with people living longer there is more of a chance of marriage in their long lived lifes and more than just one. . On the other hand there has been a decrease in family size, this is because of; More child-centeredness, increasing geographical mobility, improved and ease of access contraception, declining death and infant mortality rate, the welfare state, the changing role of women, compulsory education of children and the change of norms and values.These are all elements in which influence the decline in average fam ily size. Lastly, there has been an increase in marriage because of growing secularization, the changes on the views of religion meant that people from different countries have integrated from their foreign countries and settled in Britain, where they have found love, and for them it is more traditional for them to marry before living together. The basic development of cohabitation is that it is on the increase and has been for the last decade.The proportion of non-married people cohabiting has risen sharply in the last 20 years from 11% of men and 13% of women in 1986 to 24% and 25% respectively. In 2007, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) suggested that cohabiting couples are the fastest growing family type in the UK. In fact, around 2. 2 million families are cohabiting couples with or without children. This family type has grown by 65% since 1997, and really, the numbers are likely to be higher than this because the ONS data did not include same-sex couples living together. In addition, the ONS data suggested that a third of teenagers in 2007 were destined to cohabit rather than marry compared with one in ten of their grandparents. As we gathered that the general trend is on the increase, it’s good to know the reasons why. One of the first reasons, which I mentioned earlier on, is that people like to cohabit to â€Å"test the water. † During this period, they will assess whether they (the couple) are compatible with each other and whether they will be able to live with each other before making any sort of commitments.After all, cohabitation on average lasts for 5 years, which then 60% of cohabitees will then marry. Another reason for the said trend is that there are a significant number of people who live together whilst waiting for a divorce. For example, in 2005, 23% of cohabiting men were separated from a previous partner whilst 36% were divorced. So although a person may be married, they may have separated and moved into another house to live with a person they have met. They will then be counted as a cohabitee.

Time Value - 2842 Words

Time Value of Money Extra Problem Set 1 1. You are planning to retire in twenty years. Youll live ten years after retirement. You want to be able to draw out of your savings at the rate of $10,000 per year. How much would you have to pay in equal annual deposits until retirement to meet your objectives? Assume interest remains at 9%. [$1254] 2. You can deposit $4000 per year into an account that pays 12% interest. If you deposit such amounts for 15 years and start drawing money out of the account in equal annual installments, how much could you draw out each year for 20 years? [$19964.12] 3. What is the value of a $100 perpetuity if interest is 7%? [$1428.57] 4. You deposit $13,000 at the beginning of every year†¦show more content†¦How much would you have to set aside each year if you could put money away starting now? 14. If you put $5000 in the stock market, how many years would it take you to triple your money if the market is making 12% a year? 15. If the effective annual interest rate is 8.5% per year, what is the nominal annual interest rate under monthly compounding? 16. If you put $10 away at the end of each month for the next 40 years at a 12% simple annual interest rate, how much money would you end up with? What if you started at the beginning of each month? 17. If you borrow $150,000 for a house at 8% simple annual interest rate for 15 years, what is your monthly payment? 18. Referring to question 17, how much interest did you pay over the 15 years? 19. What is the value of a $10,000,000 lottery ticket paid out over 20 years if interest rates are at 6%, the average tax rate is 35%, and the odds of winning are 1/7,000,000? 20. How long would it take to accumulate $50,000 if you started putting $5 in the bank every day starting at the end of today at simple annual interest rate of 7.3%? 21. How long would it take to accumulate $50,000 if you started putting $5 in the bank every month starting now at a simple annual interest rate of 7.3%? What if you started at the end of each month? Answers: 1. 3,558 2. 5,131 3. 952 4. 14.87 5.Show MoreRelatedTime Value of Money712 Words   |  3 Pageswill pay the bank over the life of the loan? $123,945.04 4. What is the effective rate of interest on a CD that has a nominal rate of 7.25 percent with interest compounded monthly? EAR = (1+.0725/12)^12 – 1 = 7.5% 5. What is the future value of $4,950 placed in a saving account for six years if the account pays 3%, compounded quarterly? PV = 4,950 N = 6 x 4 = 24 I =3/4 = .75% Pmt = - FV = $5,922.24 6. Your firm, Vandelay Industries, has just leased a $32,000 BMW for youRead MoreTime Value of Money3904 Words   |  16 PagesTime Value of Money Problems 1. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 10% compounded semiannually be worth if left in the bank for six years? a. $8,020.22 b. $7,959.55 c. $8,081.55 d. $8,181.55 2. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 7% annual interest be worth if left in the bank for nine years? a. $8,273.25 b. $8,385.78 c. $8,279.23 d. $7,723.25 3. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 12% compounded monthly be worth at the end of 10 years? a. $14,351.80 b. $14,851.80 c. $13,997.40 d. $14Read MoreTime Value of Money1028 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The first steps toward understanding the relationship between the value of dollars today and that of dollars in the future is by looking at how funds invested will grow over time. This understanding will allow one to answer such questions as; how much should be invested today to produce a specified future sum of money? Time Value of Money In most cases, borrowing money is not free, unless it is a fiver for lunch from a friend. Interest is the cost of borrowing money. An interest rateRead MoreTime Value of Money1033 Words   |  5 PagesTime Value of Money (TVM), developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202, is an important concept in financial management. It can be used to compare investment alternatives and to solve problems involving loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities. TVM is based on the concept that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. That is mainly because money held today can be invested and earn interest. A key concept of TVM is that a single sum of money or a series of equal,Read MoreTime Value of Money Analysis1405 Words   |  6 Pages5-42 Integrated Case Time Value of Money Analysis. You have applied for a job with a local bank. As part of its evaluation process, you must take an examination on time value of money analysis covering the following questions: a. Draw time lines for (1) a $100 lump sum cash flow at the end of Year 2; (2) an ordinary annuity of $100 per year for 3 years; and (3) an uneven cash flow stream of -$50, $100, $75 and $50 at the end of Years 0 through 3. (1) 100 0 1 2 100 0 1 2 (2) Read MoreTime Value of Money Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesTime Value of Money Project Show all your work! Name _________________ 1. If Mrs. Beach wanted to invest a lump sum of money today to have $100,000 when she retired at 65 (she is 40 years old today) how much of a deposit would she have to make if the interest rate on the C.D. was 5%? a. What would Mrs. Beach have to deposit if she were to use high quality corporate bonds an earned an average rate of return of 7%. b. What would Mrs. Beach have to deposit if sheRead MoreTime Value11008 Words   |  45 PagesTIME VALUE OF MONEY 1. If you were scheduled to receive Rs 100,000 five years hence, but you wish to sell your contract note for its present value, which type of compounding would you rather have the purchaser of your contract note to use to find the purchase price, 8 percent compounded: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Continuously Quarterly Semi-annually Annually None of the above 2. According to the rule of 69, the doubling period is equal to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 0.25 + (69/ Interest rate) 0.35 + (69/ InterestRead MoreTime Value of Money2124 Words   |  9 PagesTime Value of Money: Simple Interest versus Compound Interest Outline I. Applications of Time Value of Money 1.1 Example One 1.2 Example Two 2. Interest 2.1 What is Interest? 2.2 Three Variables of Interest 1. Principal 2. Interest Rate 3. Time 2.3 Why is Interest Charged? 3. Simple Interest 3.1 What is Simple Interest? 3.2 Simple Interest Formula 4. Compound Interest 4.1 What is Compound Interest? 4.2 Compound Interest Formula Read MoreTime Value of Money967 Words   |  4 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money relates to many activities and decision in the financial world. â€Å"Understanding the effective rate on a business loan, the mortgage payment in a real estate transaction, or the true return on an investment depends on understanding the time value of money† (Block, Hirt, 2005). The concept of time value of money helps determine how financial assets are valued and how investors establish the rates of return they demand. Many different types of companiesRead MoreFin U02A2 Time, Value and Money610 Words   |  3 PagesTIME VALUE OF MONEY: ANNUITY CASH FLOWS FIN u02a2 Would you rather have a savings account that paid interest compounded on a monthly basis, or one that compounded interest on an annual basis? Why? Compound interest arises when interest is added to the principal. Therefore, the interest that has been added also earns interest. This addition of interest to the principal is called compounding. If the savings account has $1,000 initial principal and 20% interest per year, the account will have a